Photovoltaic (PV) installations have emerged as a crucial component of sustainable infrastructure, providing clean and efficient energy generation. However, the deployment of these installations requires careful consideration, especially when situated in proximity to buried pipelines. Balancing the benefits of renewable energy with the safety and integrity of existing infrastructure is paramount.
UKOPA has now published an updated version of its Good Practice Guide (Requirements for siting and Installation of Solar PV installations in the vicinity of Buried Pipelines – GPG/014 Edition 1) to ensure PV farms are designed, sited, constructed, commissioned, operated, decommissioned, and demolished in the safest possible way when in proximity to pipelines. The document, available on the members section of the UKOPA website, also offers advice to ensure the most appropriate decisions are made at every stage of the solar PV farm installation project.
First and foremost, it is essential to recognize the potential risks associated with co-locating PV installations and buried pipelines. Pipelines, whether carrying high pressure fuel, gas, or other substances, are critical components of infrastructure networks, and any damage or interference can have significant consequences. When installing PV systems, there is a risk of excavation-related damage during construction or maintenance activities as well as risks associated with interference to the pipeline’s integrity including its cathodic protection system and any AC mitigation measures.
Siting of solar/PV Installations farms
Solar farms can act as a source of short and long-term DC current leakage and should be located as far as possible from buried pipelines and specialized audits are required at regular intervals to measure and monitor any potential interference. Most buried pipelines also have legal negotiated rights of access to a strip of land typically between 6 m to 25 m wide centred on the pipeline. This access strip, known as an easement or wayleave, should be always preserved to ensure the pipeline operator has access for maintenance or in case of a pipeline emergency.
To mitigate these risks, developers are advised to contact the pipeline operators preferably at the planning and conceptual design stage to avoid amendments and potential costs down the line. Developers are should work with pipeline operators to complete site assessments and any studies before any installation project commences. This involves identifying the exact location of buried pipelines, assessing their depth, material, and condition, and determining the potential impact of activities on their integrity with cathodic protection surveys before PV installation. Collaborating with pipeline operators and relevant authorities is essential to gather accurate information and ensure compliance with regulations and industry standards.
Pipeline operators can detect and map underground pipelines with precision. By leveraging their knowledge and experience project developers can make informed decisions regarding the placement of PV arrays, minimizing the likelihood of accidental pipeline damage.
No work should commence until the PV farm developer has received a formal written confirmation from the pipeline operator that all the necessary controls are in place and that the work can proceed as any damage to the pipeline, including even minor damage to the pipeline’s coating, can have a long- term effect on the pipeline’s integrity.
Consideration is also required regarding an increased risk of a lightning strike that could impact the buried pipeline. PV farms carry an increased risk of a strike and lightning surge currents are of a magnitude and duration that could pass from any lightening protection or electrical the earth system to the pipeline. It is therefore good practice to undertake a lightning risk assessment to understand what the probability of a lightning strike and consequences would be not only to the PV farm but also the surrounding area.
Furthermore, engineering solutions such as elevated mounting structures or specialized foundation designs and fencing can be implemented to create a safe distance between PV installations and buried pipelines. These measures not only reduce the risk of physical interference but also facilitate easier access for maintenance and inspection purposes, ensuring the continued functionality of both the PV system and the pipeline network.
Incorporating robust risk management strategies is essential to address unforeseen challenges and emergencies effectively. Establishing emergency response protocols and conducting regular training exercises can enhance preparedness and minimize the impact of potential incidents. Additionally, integrating monitoring systems with real-time data analytics enables early detection of anomalies or leaks, facilitating prompt intervention and mitigating risks to both the environment and public safety.
Ongoing operations
It is important that the pipeline operator is notified of any ongoing or future operational activities that might impact upon the pipeline. The pipeline operator shall provide the PV farm operator with the necessary contact details and shall provide guidance on when the PV farm operator should notify the pipeline operator of any works, typically any underground works within 50 metres of the pipeline. If unsure of who operates the pipeline there are organisations who will be able to assist and point you in the right direction. The first is LinesearchbeforeUdig (LSBUD) which is a free to use service that any individual can use to check their works against over 140 operators who own and manage buried utility assets.
Siting photovoltaic installations near buried pipelines requires a balanced approach that prioritizes safety, efficiency, and sustainability. Through meticulous planning, stakeholder engagement, and adherence to best practices, the coexistence of PV systems and pipeline networks can be realized without compromising safety or environmental integrity. As the world increasingly embraces renewable energy solutions, it is important to harmonize the development of clean energy resources with the protection of vital pipeline infrastructure.